What follows is a list of famous mathematicians in various mathematical fields. This list covers mathematicians from throughout the history of mathematics.
Ancient[]
- Imhotep (Egyptian, c. 2650 BCE – c. 2600 BCE)
- Ahmes [Ahmose] (Egyptian, fl. c. 1650 BCE)
- Baudhayana (Indian, fl. c. 800 BCE)
- Naburimannu (Babylonian, fl. c. 600 BCE)
- Pythagoras of Samos (Greek, c. 575 BCE – c. 495 BCE)
- Kidinnu (Babylonian, fl. c. 500 BCE)
- Zeno of Elea (Greek, c. 490 BCE – c. 430 BCE)
- Hippocrates of Chios [Hippokrátēs] (Greek, c. 460 BCE – 370 BCE)
- Plato [Plátōn] (Greek, c. 423 BCE – c. 347 BCE)
- Panini [Pāṇini] (Indian, fl. c. 400 BCE)
- Aristotle [Aristotélēs] (Greek, 384 BCE – 322 BCE)
- Berossus [Bēl-rē'ušunu] (Babylonian, fl. c. 340 BCE)
- Euclid (Egyptian-Alexandrian, fl. c. 300 BCE)
- Eratosthenes of Cyrene (Libyan-Alexandrian, c. 276 BCE – c. 194 BCE)
- Sudines [Soudines] (Babylonian, fl. c. 240 BCE)
- Archimedes of Syracuse (Greek, c. 287 BCE – c. 212 BCE)
- Pingala (Indian, fl. c. 200 BCE)
- Seleucus of Seleucia [Seleukos of Babylon] (Babylonian, b. 190 BCE)
- Liu Xin (Chinese, c. 50 BCE – 23 CE)
- Hero of Alexandria [Heron] (Egyptian-Phoenician, c. 10 CE – c. 70 CE)
- Menelaus of Alexandria (Egyptian-Alexandrian, c. 70 CE – c. 140 CE)
- Zhang Heng [Zhāng Héng] (Chinese, 78 CE – 139 CE)
- Ptolemy [Claudius Ptolemaeus] (Egyptian-Alexandrian, c. 83 CE – c. 161 CE)
- Diophantus (Babylonian-Jewish, c. 201 – c. 285)
- Liu Hui (Chinese, b. 220)
Medieval[]
- Aryabhata (Indian, 476 – 550)
- Brahmagupta (Indian, 597 – 668)
- Al-Khwarizmi [Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī] (Persian, c. 780 – c. 850)
- Al-Kindi [Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī] (Iraqi-Arab, 801 – 873)
- Thabit ibn Qurra [Thābit ibn Qurra al-Ḥarrānī] (Iraqi-Arab, 826 – 18 February 901)
- Ibn Turk ['Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk] (Turkic, fl. 830)
- Sind ibn Ali [Sind ibn Ali-Musa, Sind ibn ʿAlī] (Sindhi, d. 864)
- Abu Kamil [Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam] (Egyptian, c. 850 – c. 950)
- Al-Khazin [Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin] (Persian, 900 – 971)
- Abu al-Wafa [Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī] (Persian, 10 June 940 – 15 July 998)
- Abu-Mahmud Khojandi [Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn Khidr Khojandi] (Mongol, c. 940 – c. 1000)
- Ibn Yunus ['Ali al-Rahman ibn Yunus al-Sadafi al-Misri] (Egyptian-Arab, c. 950 – 1009)
- Al-Uqlidisi [Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi] (Arab, fl. 952)
- Al-Karaji [Abū Bakr ibn Muḥammad ibn al Ḥusayn al-Karajī] (Iraqi-Arab, 953 – 1029)
- Alhazen [Al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham] (Iraqi-Arab, 965 – 1039)
- Al-Biruni [Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī] (Persian, September 973 – 13 December 1078)
- Al-Jayyanī [Ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī] (Andalusian, 989 – 1079)
- Shen Kuo [Shěn Kuò] (Chinese, 1031 – 1095)
- Omar Khayyam [ʿUmar ibn Ibrāhīm al-Khayyām] (Persian, 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1141)
- Bhaskara II [Bhāskarāchārya] (Indian, 1114 – 1185)
- Al-Khazini [Abd al-Rahman al-Khazini] (Byzantine, fl. 1115)
- Al-Samawal [Samau'al al-Maghribi] (Morroccan-Jewish, c. 1130 – c. 1180)
- Sharaf al-Din al-Tusī [Sharaf al-Dīn al-Muẓaffar al-Ṭūsī] (Persian, 1135 – 1213)
- Fibonacci [Leonardo of Pisa] (Italian, c. 1170 – c. 1250)
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi [Muhammad ibn Hasan Tūsī] (Persian, 17 February 1201 – 25 June 1274)
- Yang Hui [Yáng Huī] (Chinese, c. 1238 – 1298)
- Zhu Shijie [Zhū Shìjié] (Chinese, 1249 – 1314)
- Ibn al-Banna [Ibn al‐Bannāʾ al‐Marrākushī al-Azdi] (Moroccan, December 1256 – 31 July 1321)
- Madhava of Sangamagrama (Indian, c. 1340 – c. 1425)
- Ulugh Beg [Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh] (Turkic, 22 March 1394 - 27 October 1449)
- Al-Qalasadī [Abū al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Qalaṣādī] (Andalusian, 1412 – 1486)
Modern[]
- Nicolaus Copernicus [Mikołaj Kopernik] (Polish, 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543)
- Gerolamo Cardano (Italian, September 24, 1501 – September 21, 1576)
- Taqi al-Din [Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf al-Shami al-Asadi] (Ottoman, 1526 – 1585)
- François Viète (French, 1540 – 23 February 1603)
- John Napier of Merchistoun (Scottish, 1550 – 4 April 1617)
- Johannes Kepler (German, 27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630)
- Rene Descartes [René Descartes] (French, 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650)
- Kambei Mori [Mōri Kambei Shigeyoshi] (Japanese, fl. 1590)
- Yoshida Mitsuyoshi (Japanese, 1598 – 1672)
- Pierre de Fermat (French, 17 August 1601 – 12 January 1665)
- Blaise Pascal (French, 19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662)
- Seki Takakazu (Japanese, March 1642 – 5 December 1708)
- Isaac Newton (English, 4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727)
- Gottfried Leibniz (German, 1 July 1646 – 14 November 1716)
- Edmund Halley [Edmond Halley] (English, 8 November 1656 – 14 January 1742)
- Abraham de Moivre (French, 26 May 1667 – 27 November 1754)
- Brook Taylor (English, 18 August 1685 – 29 December 1731)
- Colin Maclaurin [Cailean MacLabhruinn] (Scottish, February 1698 – 14 June 1746)
- Leonhard Euler (Swiss, 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783)
- Thomas Simpson (British, 20 August 1710 – 14 May 1761)
- Johann Lambert [Johann Heinrich Lambert] (Swiss, 26 August 1728 – 25 September 1777)
- Pierre de Laplace [Pierre-Simon de Laplace] (French, 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827)
- Jean Fourier [Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier] (French, 21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830)
- Albert Einstein (Jewish-German, 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955)
- Srinivasa Ramanujan (Tamil, 22 December 1887 – 26 April 1920)
- Satyendra Nath Bose (Bengali, 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974)
- Paul Erdős (Hungarian, 26 March 1913 – 20 September 1996)
- Lotfi Zadeh [Lotfali Askar Zadeh] (Iranian-Azerbaijani, b. 4 February 1921)
- Michael Atiyah [Michael Francis Atiyah] (British-Lebanese, b. 22 April 1929)
- Peter M. Neumann [Peter Michael Neumann] (British, b. 28 December 1940)
- Jerrold Marsden [Jerrold Eldon Marsden] (Canadian, 17 August 1942 – 21 September 2010)
- William Thurston (American, 30 October 1946 – 21 August 2012)
- Edward Witten (Jewish-American, b. August 26, 1951)
- Grigory Perelman [Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman] (Jewish-Russian, b. 13 June 1966)
- Shinichi Mochizuki (Japanese, b. 29 March 1969)
- Shouryya Ray (Bengali-German, b. 1996)