# Florentin Smarandache

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Florentin Smarandache (born December 10, 1954) is a Romanian-American writer and associate professor of mathematics (WP) and science at the Wikipedia:University of New Mexico, Wikipedia:Gallup, New Mexico.

Smarandache was born in Wikipedia:Bălceşti, in the Wikipedia:Romanian county of Wikipedia:Vâlcea. According to his own autobiographical accounts,[1] in 1986 he was refused an exit visa by the Ceauşescu regime that would have allowed him to attend the Wikipedia:International Congress of Mathematicians at the Wikipedia:University of California, Berkeley. He fled Romania in 1988, leaving behind his son and pregnant wife. In 1990, after two years in refugee camps in Wikipedia:Turkey, he emigrated to the Wikipedia:United States. From 1990 to 1995, he was a software engineer at Wikipedia:Honeywell in Wikipedia:Phoenix, Arizona, and was an adjunct professor at Wikipedia:Pima Community College in Wikipedia:Tucson. In 1997, he obtained a doctorate in mathematics from Wikipedia:Moldova State University.[1][2] From 1997 to 2003 he was an assistant professor at the Wikipedia:University of New Mexico, Gallup, and in 2003 he was promoted to Associate Professor of Mathematics; he is currently chairman of the Gallup Branch Department of Mathematics and Sciences.[3]

## Arts and literatureEdit

Smarandache has published material classified diversely as Wikipedia:art,[4] Wikipedia:poems, Wikipedia:theatre plays,[5] Wikipedia:translations, Wikipedia:novels, Wikipedia:dramas and Wikipedia:fiction in Romanian, French, and English. Some of his literary and philosophical writings are described by him as Wikipedia:paradoxical; indeed, Smarandache also describes himself as the founder of a 1980s avant-garde movement in the arts and sciences called paradoxism which he founded as an anti-totalitarian resistance against the regime in Wikipedia:Romania.[6]

According to Smarandache "The goal is to enlarge the artistic sphere through non-artistic elements. ... 'The flying of a bird', for example, represents a "natural poem", that is not necessary to write down, being more palpable and perceptible in any language than some signs laid on the paper, which, in fact, represent an "artificial poem"".

## Mathematics and philosophy Edit

Smarandache has produced work in other areas of Wikipedia:paraconsistent mathematics such as Wikipedia:number theory and Wikipedia:statistics, with papers on Wikipedia:algebraic structures, Wikipedia:non-Euclidean geometry and especially information fusion.[7]

The n-th Wikipedia:Smarandache–Wellin number is defined as the Wikipedia:concatenation of the first n Wikipedia:prime numbers written in Wikipedia:decimal notation. The first Smarandache–Wellin numbers are 2, 23, 235, 2357, 235711, ... (sequence A019518 in OEIS).

The Smarandache constant $x$ is the positive solution of $127 ^ x - 113 ^ x = 1$. Its value is $x\approx 0.56714813020 \ldots$ (sequence A038458 in OEIS). Smarandache conjectured that x is in fact the smallest solution $x_n$ of $p_{n+1}^{x_n} - p_n^{x_n} =1$ as n varies, where $p_n$ is the nth prime, and interpreted this as a generalization of Wikipedia:Andrica's conjecture. [8] [9][10][11][12] It should not be confused with a list of sixteen Smarandache constants denoted s1 to s16, which involve the Wikipedia:Smarandache function S(n), defined to be the smallest integer such that $S(n)!$ is divisible by $n$.

A Generalized Smarandache Palindrome is a concatenated number of the form: $a_{1}a_{2}\ldots a_{n}a_{n} \ldots a_{2}a_{1},$ for $n \geq 1$, or $a_{1}a_{2} \ldots a_{n-1}a_{n}a_{n-1} \ldots a_{2}a_{1}$, for $n \geq 2$, where all $a_1,a_2, \ldots ,a_n$ are positive integers of various number of digits in a given base $b$.[13]

## Theoretical physicsEdit

In Wikipedia:theoretical physics the Smarandache hypothesis promotes the view that, as an extension and consequence of the Wikipedia:Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox and Wikipedia:Bell's inequality, there might be no speed barrier in the Wikipedia:Universe.[14] This hypothesis contradicts the generally accepted relativistic bounds on the transmission of information provided by Wikipedia:Einstein's Wikipedia:theory of relativity.[15] Smarandache's theory is mentioned on Eric Weisstein's World of Physics as an example of several

..."theories" [which] continue to be rejected by the physics community as ill-informed speculation, [while] their proponents continue to promulgate them in rather obscure journals.[16]

## Editorship Edit

Smarandache is one of five "Editors-in-chief" of the International Journal of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, which is a printed international mathematical journal started in December 2003.[17]

He is also Associate Editor of Wikipedia:Progress in Physics, an alternative printed and online journal in experimental and theoretical physics which was started in 2005 with the Mathematics Department at UNM-Gallup as its address.

## Notes and referencesEdit

 This page uses content that was added to Wikipedia. The article has been deleted from Wikipedia. The original article was written by these Wikipedia users: {{{1}}}.As with Mathematics Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA).
1. 1.0 1.1 Florentin Smarandache, "Florentin Smarandache", Ad Astra Project - An Online Project for the Romanian Scientific Community
2. Constantinescu S, Smarandache F (2003-08-15) (in Romanian), Interviu: Silvia Constantinescu - Florentin Smarandache
3. of Math & Sciences, Gallup Branch, University of New Mexico
4. Vasiliu F (1994), Paradoxism's Main Roots, Xiquanva
5. Smarandache F, Dezert J (eds.) (2006), "Fusing Uncertain, Imprecise and Paradoxist Information (Dezert-Smarandache theory)", Information & Security 20: 1–143
6. Florentin Smarandache Collected Papers Vol 3, page 105
7. Dumitrescu, Constantin; Marcela Popescu, V. Seleacu (March 1996), Homer Tilton, ed., The Smarandache Function in Number Theory, Erhus University Press, ISBN 1879585472
8. Ashbacher, Charles (December 1995), Marcela Popescu, ed., An Introduction to the Smarandache Function, Erhus University Press, ISBN 1879585499
9. Ibstedt, Henry (1997), Surfing on the Ocean of Numbers - A Few Smarandache Notions and Similar Topics, Erhus University Press, ISBN 187958557X
10. Florentin Smarandache (1998), "There Is No Speed Barrier in the Universe", Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Delhi, India 17D (1): 61
11. Maciel AK, Tiomno J (1985), "Experiments to detect possible weak violations of special relativity", Phys Rev Lett 55 (2): 143–146, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.143, PMID 10032012
12. Eric Weisstein's World of Physics, entry Superluminal